Localization of Sensor Nodes using Mobile Anchor Nodes

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of spatially distributed wireless sensor nodes. Each sensor node cooperate with each other to monitor and collect data pertaining to physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, motion, sound, and other phenomena. Localization is an essential issue in wireless sensor networks because many applications require the sensor nodes to know their locations with a high degree of precision, to determine where a given node is physically located in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Various localization methods which based on mobile anchor nodes have been proposed for assisting the sensor nodes to determine their locations. However, none of these methods attempt to optimize the trajectory of the mobile anchor node. The proposed method presents the use of a mobile anchor in localization and a path planning scheme for the mobile anchors, which ensures that the trajectory of the mobile anchor node minimizes the localization error and guarantees that all of the sensor nodes can determine their locations .As an addition to the proposed scheme, I tried to add two mobile anchors, that helps to reduce time constraints in larger networks and provides localization in quicker time. The obstacle-resistant trajectory is also proposed for anchor nodes to handle the obstacles in the sensing field.